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25 Most Asked Software Testing Interview Questions (With Answers)

 Crack your QA interview with these 25 most commonly asked manual testing questions and sample answers for freshers and experienced testers.

🔍 25 Manual Testing Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is Software Testing?

Answer:
Software testing is the process of verifying and validating that a software application meets business and technical requirements and is free of defects.

2. What is the difference between Verification and Validation?

Answer:

  • Verification ensures the product is being built correctly (process-oriented).

  • Validation ensures the correct product is being built (product-oriented).

3. What are the different types of testing?

Answer:

  • Functional Testing

  • Non-Functional Testing

  • Regression Testing

  • Smoke & Sanity Testing

  • User Acceptance Testing (UAT)

  • Integration Testing

4. What is the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)?

Answer:
STLC is a sequence of activities performed during the testing process:

  1. Requirement Analysis

  2. Test Planning

  3. Test Case Design

  4. Test Environment Setup

  5. Test Execution

  6. Test Closure

5. What is a Test Case?

Answer:
A test case is a set of actions executed to verify a specific feature or functionality of your application.

6. What is a Test Plan?

Answer:
A test plan is a document that outlines the strategy, objectives, schedule, estimation, deliverables, and resources required to perform testing.

7. What is a Bug or Defect?

Answer:
A bug is an error or flaw in the software that causes it to produce incorrect or unexpected results.

8. What is the Defect Life Cycle?

Answer:
The defect life cycle includes stages like:
New → Assigned → Open → Retest → Verified → Closed / Reopen → Rejected / Deferred

9. What is Exploratory Testing?

Answer:
It’s a simultaneous process of test design and execution without formal documentation — often used when requirements are vague.

10. What is Regression Testing?

Answer:
Regression testing ensures that new changes have not adversely affected existing functionalities.

11. What is Smoke Testing?

Answer:
Smoke testing is a basic check to verify whether the critical functionalities of an application are working after a new build.

12. What is Sanity Testing?

Answer:
Sanity testing verifies that a specific bug is fixed and that the related functionality works as expected.

13. What is Black Box Testing?

Answer:
Black box testing involves testing the application without knowing its internal structure — focuses only on inputs and outputs.

14. What is White Box Testing?

Answer:
White box testing involves testing the internal code logic — usually performed by developers.

15. What are Positive and Negative Testing?

Answer:

  • Positive testing checks for correct inputs and expected behavior.

  • Negative testing checks for invalid inputs and how the system handles them.

16. What is Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)?

Answer:
BVA is a testing technique where test cases are designed based on boundary values (like min, max, just below, just above).

17. What is Equivalence Partitioning?

Answer:
It's a black-box testing technique that divides input data into equivalent partitions to reduce the number of test cases.

18. What is a Test Scenario?

Answer:
A test scenario is a high-level description of what to test. It may contain multiple test cases under it.

19. What is the difference between Test Case and Test Scenario?

Answer:

  • Test Case: Step-by-step instructions to test a specific condition.

  • Test Scenario: A broader concept that outlines what to test.

20. What is Severity and Priority in defect management?

Answer:

  • Severity: Impact of the defect on the application.

  • Priority: Urgency to fix the defect.

21. What is UAT (User Acceptance Testing)?

Answer:
UAT is performed by the client or end-user to verify if the system meets business requirements.

22. What is the difference between Static and Dynamic Testing?

Answer:

  • Static testing involves reviewing documents and code without execution.

  • Dynamic testing involves executing the code and validating results.

23. What is Test Data?

Answer:
Test data is the input given to a software program during testing to verify its behavior.

24. What tools are used for Manual Testing?

Answer:

  • JIRA – for bug tracking

  • TestLink – for test case management

  • Excel/Google Sheets – for basic documentation

25. How do you report bugs?

Answer:
By logging defects into tools like JIRA with details like:

  • Summary

  • Steps to reproduce

  • Expected & Actual results

  • Screenshots/logs

  • Severity & Priority

🔚 Conclusion:

These 25 questions cover both theory and practical knowledge. Make sure to practice your answers and prepare real-life examples from your previous projects.

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